Material Grades

ALLOY STEEL

Alloy Steel

Special Steel Stores is a leading stockist and supplier of Material Alloy Steel in Pune, India.

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High-tensile steels are low-carbon, or steels at the lower end of the medium-carbon range, which have additional alloying ingredients in order to increase their strength, wear properties or specifically tensile strength.

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  • Alloy steel is a steel that is alloyed with a variety of elements in total amounts between 1.0% to 50% by weight to improve its mechanical properties. Alloy steels are broken down into two groups: low alloy steels and high alloy steels.
  • Common alloy elements include manganese (the most common one), nickel, chromium, molybdenum, vanadium, silicon, and boron.
  • Less common alloy elements include aluminium, cobalt, copper, cerium, niobium, titanium, tungsten, tin, zinc, lead, and zirconium.
  • alloy steels improvises , strength, hardness, toughness, wear resistance, corrosion resistance, hardenability, and hot hardness as compared to carbon steel .
  • To achieve some of these improved properties the metal may require heat treating.
    Used in : exotic and highly-demanding applications, e.g., turbine blades of jet engines, and in nuclear reactors. electric motors and in transformers, fasteners shafts etc.

Principal effects of major alloying elements for steel:

Element Percentage Primary function
Aluminium 0.95–1.30 Alloying element in nitriding steels
Bismuth - Improves machinability
Boron 0.001–0.003 (Boron steel) A powerful hardenability agent
Chromium 0.5–2 Increases hardenability
4–18 Increases corrosion resistance
Copper 0.1–0.4 Corrosion resistance
Lead - Improved machinability
Manganese 0.25–0.40 Combines with sulphur and with phosphorus to reduce the brittleness. Also helps to remove excess oxygen from molten steel.
>1 Increases hardenability by lowering transformation points and causing transformations to be sluggish
Molybdenum 0.2–5 Stable carbides; inhibits grain growth. Increases the toughness of steel, thus making molybdenum a very valuable alloy metal for making the cutting parts of machine tools and also the turbine blades of turbojet engines. Also used in rocket motors
Nickel 2–5 Toughener
12–20 Increases corrosion resistance
Silicon 0.2–0.7 Increases strength
2.0 Spring steels
Higher percentages Improves magnetic properties
Sulphur 0.08–0.15 Free-machining properties
Titanium - Fixes carbon in inert particles; reduces martensitic hardness in chromium steels
Tungsten - Also increases the melting point.
Vanadium 0.15 Stable carbides; increases strength while retaining ductility; promotes fine grain structure. Increases the toughness at high temperatures

FOLLOWING ARE THE POPULAR GRADES USED IN ROUND, HEX AND FLATS:

American Standard
(Sae / Aisi Series)		 Bs 970 Standard
(En Series)		 Japanese
Standards		 As Per German Standards Din Series IS
Standard
4120 ,4130 , 4135 ,4140 , 4145 , 4150 , 4320 , 4330 , 4340 ,4820 ,5120 , 5145 ,52100,8620 EN 16 , EN 18 , EN 19 , EN 24 ,EN 36 , EN 39 ,EN 41 B , EN 353 ,EN 355 SCR 420 , SCM 420 , SCM 435 , SCM 440 ,SNCM 420 H 41CR4 ,16MNCR5 , 20MNCR5 ,20CRMO4 ,25CRMO4 , 30CRMO4 , 42CRMO4 , 50CRMO4, 30CRNIMO8 , 34CRNIMO6 , 31CRMOV 9 , 41CrALMO7 15CR3, 16MN5CR5, 20MN5CR5 ,14CRNI6, 40CR4 , 40CR4MO3 , 40Ni6Cr4Mo2